Trigger finger occurs when a flexor tendon does not glide smoothly through the pulley system at the base of the finger. People may notice pain in the palm, clicking, catching or a finger that locks in a bent position.
The condition can be mild and intermittent or persistent enough to affect sleep, work and daily tasks. Treatment is matched to the duration, severity, stiffness and response to earlier care.
Symptoms people notice
- Tenderness or a small lump at the base of the finger on the palm side
- Clicking, catching or popping as the finger bends and straightens
- Morning stiffness or a finger that needs the other hand to straighten it
- Pain with gripping, carrying or repeated hand use
How it is evaluated
A hand surgeon usually diagnoses trigger finger from the history and examination. The finger is observed through active motion, and the pulley, tendon glide and joint stiffness are assessed. Imaging is used selectively when another problem is possible.
Nonsurgical treatment
- Reducing forceful repetitive gripping for a period of time
- A night splint or temporary support
- Hand therapy when stiffness or altered movement has developed
- A corticosteroid injection around the affected pulley in selected cases
When surgery is considered
If triggering persists, returns after nonsurgical care or leaves the finger locked, releasing the tight A1 pulley may be discussed. The goal is to give the tendon room to glide while preserving the rest of the pulley system. Early motion is often important after surgery, especially if stiffness was already present.
Sources and further reading
Frequently asked questions
Is trigger finger caused by overuse?
Repetitive or forceful gripping can aggravate symptoms, but trigger finger can also occur without a clear single cause. Diabetes and inflammatory conditions may increase risk.
Does every trigger finger need an injection or surgery?
No. Some improve with activity changes or splinting. The next step depends on how much the condition affects function and whether the finger is becoming fixed or stiff.